Welcome to our re-read of the first and greatest superhero team in comics ... and quite a bit more!
My plan is to re-read and discuss the Golden Age Justice Society of America, which ran from All-Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940) to All-Star Comics #57 (February-March 1951), and is currently being reprinted in DC's "DC Finest" line.
But, as ever, I am consumed by context. What events brought us to All-Star Comics #3? What characters did editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox have available from which to choose? What else was competing in the superhero space? To achieve that context, I plan to start the discussion at the publisher's beginning, when Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson launched National Allied Publications Inc. in 1935. That was the first step toward the Justice Society — and to DC Comics as we know it today.
So before we even get to the JSA, I'll re-read and open for discussion all the solo stories starring JSA members, mostly from DC's Archives and Famous First Edition series. Which is actually quite a lot! (Although not as much as I'd prefer. I want it ALL!) I'll be writing about non-JSA superheroes created by National, Detective Comics Inc. and All-American Comics Inc. too, like Crimson Avenger and Doctor Occult. I'll also be tipping my hat to some non-powered characters, principally those who managed to appear outside their parent title, like Slam Bradley and Hop Harrigan. That means no re-read for the likes of "Bart Regan, Spy" and "Speed Saunders." Sorry, fellas, but I had to draw the line somewhere — before I found myself doing a deep dive into the history of Ginger Snap.
But I will be re-reading reprints, or availing myself of online information where reprints don't exist, of 14 of the 17 Golden Age characters who launched or appeared in All-Star Comics #3-57. Those characters include:
- The Atom: All-American Comics #19-46, 48-61, 70-72; All-Star Comics #3-26, 28-35, 37-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Flash Comics #80, 82-85, 87 89-95, 97-100, 102-104; Comic Cavalcade #22-23, 28; Sensation Comics #86.
- Black Canary: All-Star Comics #38-57; Comic Cavalcade #25; Flash Comics #86-88, 90-104.
- Doctor Fate: All-Star Comics #3-12, 14-21; More Fun Comics #55-98.
- Doctor Mid-Nite: All-American Comics #25-102; All-Star Comics #6 (text story), 8-57.
- The Flash: All-Flash #1-32; All-Star Comics #1-7, 10, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Flash Comics #1-104, Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties)
- Green Lantern: All-American Comics #16-102; All-Flash #14; All-Star Comics #2-8, 10, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Green Lantern #1-38.
- Hawkman: All-Star Comics #1-57, Big All-American Comic Book, Flash Comics #1-104, Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties).
- Hourman: Adventure Comics #48-83, All-Star Comics #1-7, New York World's Fair Comics [#2].
- Johnny Thunder: All-Star Comics #2-4, 6-35, 37-39; Big All-American Comic Book; Flash Comics #1-91; New York World's Fair Comics [#2]; World's Best Comics #1; World's Fair Comics #2-3; Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties).
- Mister Terrific: All-Star Comics #24, Big All-American Comic Book, Sensation Comics #1-63.
- Sandman: Adventure Comics #40-102, All-Star Comics #1-21, Boy Commandos #1, Detective Comics #76, New York World's Fair Comics [#1-2], World's Finest Comics #3-7.
- The Spectre: All-Star Comics #1-23, More Fun Comics #52-101, a single panel in More Fun Comics #51.
- Starman: Adventure Comics #61-102, All-Star Comics #8-23.
- Wildcat: All-Star Comics #24, 27; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-2; Sensation Comics #1-90.
The obvious exceptions here are Superman, Wonder Woman and Batman. Superman and Batman, called "honorary members" in the text, appeared twice in All-Star Comics, but I don't plan to re-read all their adventures from 1938 to 1951. They are peripheral at best to the Golden Age JSA, and would overwhelm the discussion through sheer volume. This problem extends to Wonder Woman as well, who appears in four titles in the Golden Age (Sensation Comics, Wonder Woman, Comic Cavalcade, All-Star Comics). I'll re-read and report on her JSA adventures, but like Batman and Superman, I'll just note her solo stories in passing with a summary that I'll grab somewhere online. That will keep the discussion abreast of any major developments, like new supervillains, in Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman stories.
Here are their appearances that are concurrent with All-Star's run:
- Batman: All-Star Comics # 7 (cameo), 36; Batman #1-63 (February-March 1951); Batman 3-D #1; Detective Comics #1-169 (March 1951); New York World’s Fair Comics [#2]; World’s Best Comics #1, World’s Fair Comics #2-50 (February-March 1951).
- Superman: Action Comics #1-154 (March 1951); All-Star Comics #7 (cameo), 36; New York World’s Fair [#1-2]; Superman #1-69 (March-April 1951); Superman 3-D #1; Superman at the Gilbert Hall of Science; Superman Miniature; World’s Best Comics #1; World’s Fair Comics #2-50 (February-March 1951).
- Wonder Woman: All-Star Comics #8, 11-22, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Sensation Comics #1-102; Wonder Woman #1-46 (March-April 1951).
Fortunately, Jeff of Earth-J is already doing a re-read of the Golden Age Superman. Jeff isn't doing a re-read of all Batman books, but he is compiling "The Greatest Joker Stories Ever Told," by which he means "all of them." Recently he's begun re-reading other major Bat-villains, which he discusses in Batman vs. Penguin, Riddler — Prince of Puzzles, The Crimes of Two-Face and Catwoman: Nine Lives of a Feline Fatale.
I should note that my methodology changed over time, as realities required. For instance, I initially lumped books together by monthly cover date, but complications ensued for books without them, like quarterlies and one-shots. As the number of quarterlies and their importance increased, I ended up going by on-sale dates as the primary organizational tool. (Which aren't available for all books, but that's a lesser devil than chronologically misplacing Batman or All-Star Comics). Initially I only included mention of others strips in anthology books if they were of some importance, like Slam Bradley, but eventually I started including all of them. Here and there I would try to improve the format. And so forth. In some imaginary "someday" I'll go back through and make them all consistent.
I've tried to be comprehensive, relying on a variety of sources, from online to reprints to "companion" books. A tip of the cowl to a Luke Blanchard post in what amounts to an outline for this discussion. But I'm sure I've left out tons, especially stories I don't have or can't find, which may be at hand in your collection. I hope folks will do re-reads of stories I've left out, as well as comment on what I've written. So let's hear what I've missed Legionnaires — and what you think!
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JANUARY 2, 1942
March-April 1942
Cover by Fred Ray
Superman
By Jerry Siegel and Leo Nowak (13 pages)
While Superman protects Branigan (occasionally Brannigan), Lois engages in a little light breaking and entering at Nick Talley's house, and discovers that the slain woman was his ex-wife, whom he killed to avoid alimony payments. Jimmy Olsen (who just happens to run into Lois outside Nick's house) tells Branigan what Lois is up to, and he charges to the rescue (blind or not). A random blow restores his eyesight, and he and Superman clean up the gang. Lois' discovery gets Branigan restored to the force.
Where I Read It: The Superman Archives Vol. 4
Best line: "Can you beat it?" Superman says. "Lois can't even go to lunch without getting into mischief!"
Fun Fact: Jimmy Olsen's surname is revealed. And yes, he has red hair.
Superman
By Siegel, Nowak and John Sikela (12 pages)
Where I Read It: Superman from the Thirties to the Seventies
Takeaways
Superman
By Siegel and Sikela (13 pages)
Where I Read It: The Superman Archives Vol. 4
Takeaway: Once again, Superman #15 is coy about who the bad guys are. But it's pretty obvious, as "Razkal" looks just like Hitler, wears what looks like a German uniform, and wears iron crosses on that uniform. I can see that they needed a stand-in, given how easily the Oxnalian armed forces were defeated and that its leader was killed. Europe in 1942 wasn't quite so lucky.
Power Creep: Prince Micheal notes that Superman can fly, so the jumping business is clearly over (although how Superman crossed the Atlantic wasn't visually very clear). Also, when hit by an exploding shell, Superman says, "The bomb hasn't been invented yet that can make the slightest impression on me."
Superman
By Siegel, Nowak and Sikela (13 pages)
Where I Read It: The Superman Archives Vol. 4
Takeaway: Superman's pretty ruthless here. Once he broke his bonds, it was pretty obvious Evolution King wasn't going to survive the encounter.
Bob Brannigan sounds like someone who would have starred in his own feature before the superheroes arrived.
I guess that Superman invaded Oxnalia before Hitler got the Spear of Destiny.
I guess that Superman invaded Oxnalia before Hitler got the Spear of Destiny.
Wait, where does Rufus T. Firefly fit into it? Or this guy:
They can't ALL have the spear!
Adenoid Hynkel was struck by the Stick of Happenstance!
And Rufus T. Firefly found the Ladder of Fortune in his pajamas. How it got in his pajamas, he'll never know!
Is that a Ladder in your pajamas, or are you just glad to see me?
JANUARY 3, 1942
March 1942
Cover by Irwin Hasen
Wonder Woman
By William Marston and Harry Peter (13 pages)
Best bit: The Holliday Girls have Eve and are trying to get her to say where Steve is. They have her blindfolded and on all fours, as she is spanked with a paddle. When Wonder Woman arrives, she says, "That's enough nonsense, girls!" Nonsense, indeed. How did this get published in 1942?
Takeaway: it's only recently that it occured to me that it's possible all the Holliday Girls aren't all in one sorority. For some reason, I assumed they were, and online resources like DC Fandom usually treat them that way, if any disntinction is made at all. It might be that I thought they were all in the same sorority because that's how they've been portrayed. But I haven't noticed, as it's never been on my radar before. Anyway, if they're all in Beeta Lambda, why refer to them as the "Holliday Girls" instead of the "Beeta Lambda Girls"?
Etta Candy mentions the Beeta Lamda sorority in this issue, and the internet helpfully informs me that sometimes it's spelled Beeta Lambda (as I've always spelled it). Anyway, this might be the first mention of the sorority, as I haven't been watching for it. And I remain unsure if "Holliday Girls" refers to all the co-eds at Holliday College, or just the ones in Beeta Lambda. It might be that Holliday is small enough that there's only one sorority and almost all the students are members, or that what constitutes a "Holliday Girl" shifts according to plot needs, or that Marston simply wasn't careful (or aware) of the difference. (Surely Elizabeth or Olive would be.)
Where I Read It: Wonder Woman Archives Vol. 1.
Mr. Terrific
By Charles Reizenstein and Hal Sharp (8 pages)
But Sloane grows suspicious, and visits Del Rio's hotel room, where he finds the real article. He gives Del Rio an antidote for the drug (of his own devising) and doses Don Carlos and his henchman with the drug they gave Del Rio. They expose themselves, and Del Rio puts in for the loan. But Don Carlos had destroyed the lengthy report that must be submitted for the loan. Fortunately, Mr. Terrific skimmed it on board ship and is able to re-type it perfectly from his "photographic memory."
Fun Fact: Mr. Terrific instructs the U.S. bankers to keep 'em flying.
Where I Read It: Online.
Gay Ghost
By Gardner Fox and Howard Purcell (13 pages)
The good news is that Wallace, who was afraid of Everett in the first issue, now thinks highly of him. (And less highly of her always-sleepy boyfriend.)
The Gay Ghost demonstrates a host of powers in this issue, rivaling those of The Spectre. And the story is 13 pages, which is the same length as the lead Wonder Woman story. And it's by two of AA's stars, Fox and Purcell. One has to wonder if the editors didn't have Spectre-level hopes for the character. He could easily have replaced the Ace of Shades in the Justice Society. And maybe he would have, if he didn't have such a dopey name.
Where I Read It: Online.
Wildcat
"Case of the Phantom Killers" by Bill Finger and Irwin Hasen (10 pages)
Wildcat guards the jury foreman, who Wildcat suspects will be the next victim, and brawls with the "ghosts." They get away, but he follows them from their next job and captures them. They are living member of the gang wearing "rubberoid masks" of the dead men, and Glibson is revealed as the head of the Purple Mask Gang.
Where I Read It: Online.
Takeaway: In retrospect, it was always going to be fake ghosts. So why did Daly and Conti play along? There was little reason for them to be so invested in the gag, since they wouldn't be around to see it. In the Spectre strip, when somebody says they're going to come back from the dead, they do. (Although how they know is a mystery.) These guys were just lying, with no benefit to themselves.
Fun Facts:
Continuing: Little Boy Blue, Black Pirate
JANUARY 10, 1942
March 1942
Cover by Sheldon Moldoff
The Flash
By Gardner Fox, E.E. Hibbard and Hal Sharp (13 pages)
Where I Read It: Online.
Takeaway: I have to wonder what happened to Spike, Lefty and Mugs. I'd prefer them to Winky, Blinky and Noddy, and we haven't even gotten to them yet!
Fun Fact: While capturing "Little Sam" and his boys, Flash tells the kids to "Keep 'em flying!"
Johnny Thunder
By John Wentworth and Stan Aschmeier (8 pages)
There are some fun bits. When a wtich doctor calls down lightning to battle Johnny and Peachy, Thunderbolt battles the bolts -- which immediately anthopomorphize in order to make '40s banter and indicate their surrender. Thunderbolt makes the crocodile friends with Johnny, and it immediately begins to talk as well, with Peachy Pet even hiding inside its mouth to avoid the cannibals.
Needless to say, the racism elements haven't aged well, but at least the natives aren't stupid. (That's Johnny's job.)
Where I Read It: Online.
Fun Fact: Thunderbolt says, "Keep 'em flyiing!"
Hawkman
By Fox and Sheldon Moldoff (9 pages)
Where I Read It: Online.
Fun Facts:
Continuing: Les Sparks, The King, The Whip
The Flash story sounds similar to the first Mister Terrific one.
Johnny and Peachy Pet paddle down the Amazon, with the intro paragraph suggesting they're hiding from bill collectors.
Surely it would not be beyond even Johnny Thunder to have the Thunderbolt cough up some cash to pay any bills.
Or going to Sandman or Hawkman "Say, you want to loan me some cash to tide me over? Thanks! You're the best! Keep 'em flying!"
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