Welcome to our re-read of the first and greatest superhero team in comics ... and quite a bit more!
My plan is to re-read and discuss the Golden Age Justice Society of America, which ran from All-Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940) to All-Star Comics #57 (February-March 1951), and is currently being reprinted in DC's "DC Finest" line.
But, as ever, I am consumed by context. What events brought us to All-Star Comics #3? What characters did editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox have available from which to choose? What else was competing in the superhero space? To achieve that context, I plan to start the discussion at the publisher's beginning, when Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson launched National Allied Publications Inc. in 1935. That was the first step toward the Justice Society — and to DC Comics as we know it today.
So before we even get to the JSA, I'll re-read and open for discussion all the solo stories starring JSA members, mostly from DC's Archives and Famous First Edition series. Which is actually quite a lot! (Although not as much as I'd prefer. I want it ALL!) I'll be writing about non-JSA superheroes created by National, Detective Comics Inc. and All-American Comics Inc. too, like Crimson Avenger and Doctor Occult. I'll also be tipping my hat to some non-powered characters, principally those who managed to appear outside their parent title, like Slam Bradley and Hop Harrigan. That means no re-read for the likes of "Bart Regan, Spy" and "Speed Saunders." Sorry, fellas, but I had to draw the line somewhere — before I found myself doing a deep dive into the history of Ginger Snap.
But I will be re-reading reprints, or availing myself of online information where reprints don't exist, of 14 of the 17 Golden Age characters who launched or appeared in All-Star Comics #3-57. Those characters include:
- The Atom: All-American Comics #19-46, 48-61, 70-72; All-Star Comics #3-26, 28-35, 37-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Flash Comics #80, 82-85, 87 89-95, 97-100, 102-104; Comic Cavalcade #22-23, 28; Sensation Comics #86.
- Black Canary: All-Star Comics #38-57; Comic Cavalcade #25; Flash Comics #86-88, 90-104.
- Doctor Fate: All-Star Comics #3-12, 14-21; More Fun Comics #55-98.
- Doctor Mid-Nite: All-American Comics #25-102; All-Star Comics #6 (text story), 8-57.
- The Flash: All-Flash #1-32; All-Star Comics #1-7, 10, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Flash Comics #1-104, Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties)
- Green Lantern: All-American Comics #16-102; All-Flash #14; All-Star Comics #2-8, 10, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Green Lantern #1-38.
- Hawkman: All-Star Comics #1-57, Big All-American Comic Book, Flash Comics #1-104, Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties).
- Hourman: Adventure Comics #48-83, All-Star Comics #1-7, New York World's Fair Comics [#2].
- Johnny Thunder: All-Star Comics #2-4, 6-35, 37-39; Big All-American Comic Book; Flash Comics #1-91; New York World's Fair Comics [#2]; World's Best Comics #1; World's Fair Comics #2-3; Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties).
- Mister Terrific: All-Star Comics #24, Big All-American Comic Book, Sensation Comics #1-63.
- Sandman: Adventure Comics #40-102, All-Star Comics #1-21, Boy Commandos #1, Detective Comics #76, New York World's Fair Comics [#1-2], World's Finest Comics #3-7.
- The Spectre: All-Star Comics #1-23, More Fun Comics #52-101, a single panel in More Fun Comics #51.
- Starman: Adventure Comics #61-102, All-Star Comics #8-23.
- Wildcat: All-Star Comics #24, 27; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-2; Sensation Comics #1-90.
The obvious exceptions here are Superman, Wonder Woman and Batman. Superman and Batman, called "honorary members" in the text, appeared twice in All-Star Comics, but I don't plan to re-read all their adventures from 1938 to 1951. They are peripheral at best to the Golden Age JSA, and would overwhelm the discussion through sheer volume. This problem extends to Wonder Woman as well, who appears in four titles in the Golden Age (Sensation Comics, Wonder Woman, Comic Cavalcade, All-Star Comics). I'll re-read and report on her JSA adventures, but like Batman and Superman, I'll just note her solo stories in passing with a summary that I'll grab somewhere online. That will keep the discussion abreast of any major developments, like new supervillains, in Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman stories.
Here are their appearances that are concurrent with All-Star's run:
- Batman: All-Star Comics # 7 (cameo), 36; Batman #1-63 (February-March 1951); Batman 3-D #1; Detective Comics #1-169 (March 1951); New York World’s Fair Comics [#2]; World’s Best Comics #1, World’s Fair Comics #2-50 (February-March 1951).
- Superman: Action Comics #1-154 (March 1951); All-Star Comics #7 (cameo), 36; New York World’s Fair [#1-2]; Superman #1-69 (March-April 1951); Superman 3-D #1; Superman at the Gilbert Hall of Science; Superman Miniature; World’s Best Comics #1; World’s Fair Comics #2-50 (February-March 1951).
- Wonder Woman: All-Star Comics #8, 11-22, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Sensation Comics #1-102; Wonder Woman #1-46 (March-April 1951).
Fortunately, Jeff of Earth-J is already doing a re-read of the Golden Age Superman. Jeff isn't doing a re-read of all Batman books, but he is compiling "The Greatest Joker Stories Ever Told," by which he means "all of them." Recently he's begun re-reading other major Bat-villains, which he discusses in Batman vs. Penguin, Riddler — Prince of Puzzles, The Crimes of Two-Face and Catwoman: Nine Lives of a Feline Fatale.
I should note that my methodology changed over time, as realities required. For instance, I initially lumped books together by monthly cover date, but complications ensued for books without them, like quarterlies and one-shots. As the number of quarterlies and their importance increased, I ended up going by on-sale dates as the primary organizational tool. (Which aren't available for all books, but that's a lesser devil than chronologically misplacing Batman or All-Star Comics). Initially I only included mention of others strips in anthology books if they were of some importance, like Slam Bradley, but eventually I started including all of them. Here and there I would try to improve the format. And so forth. In some imaginary "someday" I'll go back through and make them all consistent.
I've tried to be comprehensive, relying on a variety of sources, from online to reprints to "companion" books. A tip of the cowl to a Luke Blanchard post in what amounts to an outline for this discussion. But I'm sure I've left out tons, especially stories I don't have or can't find, which may be at hand in your collection. I hope folks will do re-reads of stories I've left out, as well as comment on what I've written. So let's hear what I've missed Legionnaires — and what you think!
Replies
FEBRUARY 3, 1942
Cover by Fred Ray
Superman
"The Tower of Terror"
By Jerry Siegel and John Sikela (13 pages)
Takeaways
Where I Read It: Superman: The World's Finest Archives Vol. 1
Sandman
"Gems of Jeopardy"
By unknown and Cliff Young (10 pages)
Where I Read It: Online.
Takeaways
Fun Facts:
Batman and Robin
“Crime Takes a Holiday”
By Bill Finger, Jerry Robinson and George Roussos (13 pages)
Where I Read It: Batman: The World's Finest Comics Archives Vol. 1
Takeaways
Continuing: Zatara, Crimson Avenger, Red White and Blue, Goggles, The King, Lando the Magician. TNT and Dyna-Mite make their second appearance (the first was in Star-Spangled Comics #7), but why they appear here, I have no idea.
TNT and Dyna-Mite make their second appearance (the first was in Star-Spangled Comics #7), but why they appear here, I have no idea.
There was space open and a story available?
SUPERMAN: they never explain why the Ghost Indian can evade Superman for so long besides to keep the story going!
When Clark leaves Lois, telling her he's going to bed, I thought he did that to follow her but no! Clark really went to bed!
So Potts was the archer shooting all those war arrows? He should have been fighting Green Arrow!
SANDMAN: I had no idea that an "old" Sandman story was out after the "new" Sandman debuted. They must have had some inventory stories left. I guess they had to coordinate with All Star Comics and had a leftover!
BATMAN: the cities the Gotham criminals invade are Detroit, Chicago and St. Louis, all in the Midwest, quite the drive if Gotham is supposed to be New York City!
can see the three crime bosses ordering the local gangs but what about the Joker, Penguin and Catwoman? Why would they obey?
When Clark leaves Lois, telling her he's going to bed, I thought he did that to follow her but no! Clark really went to bed!
I found that surprising, too.
So Potts was the archer shooting all those war arrows? He should have been fighting Green Arrow!
At first I thought it funny that a museum guy could shoot arrows so well. But, I wrote it off that he was a Native American exper, so maybe archery and other native skills were his hobby. But what's unexplained -- among many unexplained things here -- is how he gets close enough to shoot two men with police all around and then "vanishes." How did he pull that trick off?
FEBRUARY 7, 1942
Cover by Fred Ray and Jerry Robinson. It's sort of metaphysical, with Batman and Robin acknowledging that they are pen-and-ink characters.
Batman and Robin
"The Isle That Time Forgot!"
By Joseph Green, Bob Kane, Robinson and George Roussos (12 pages)
Batman and Robin / comic story / 12 pages
Where I Read It: The Dark Knight Archives Vol. 3
Best line:
OK, I know language changes, and I'm not going to point out every time words like "gay" or "queer" are used in the 1940s with their original meaning, but become double entendres in 2026. But "Don't get gay!' sounds like a Saturday Night Live sketch or South Park episode waiting to happen.
Takeaways
Batman and Robin
"Report Card Blues!"
By Greene, Kane, Robinson and Roussos (13 pages)
Batman and Robin / comic story / 13 pages
This being a Golden Age story, the boss has left his plans written down at his desk. So B&R go to the three addresses where Milo and his gang (plus Tommy, brought along as hostage) are running a protection racket. Batman stops one gang, Robin another, but at the third, a department store, the two are ambushed. Tommy sets off the sprinklers with an arrow from the sports department that he sets afire, which summons the fire department. The crooks are overwhelmed, and Tommy goes home a changed boy, who will now stop playing hooky and try to get good grades.
Where I read it: The Dark Knight Archives Vol. 3
Best Line:
When did Batman start using jazz slang? Is he trying to be ... cool? Next issue: Zoot Suit Batman!
Fun Facts: No giant props, but the Dynamic Duo make use of specialized equipment at a barber shop and an amusement gallery.
Batman and Robin
"The Princess of Plunder!"
By Jack Schiff, Ray, Robinson and Roussos (13 pages)
Tone's next party is a masquerade, and Bruce Wayne attends as Batman. He discovers he's one of many Batmen, and just like an earlier Hourman story, several of them are gangsters there to rob the place, and mistake the real Batman as one of their gang. They meet with Cat-Woman, and a late-arriving Batman reveals that one is an imposter. Batman (and a late-arriving Robin) clean up the gang, but let Cat-Woman go. "You can't prove I commited any crime," she says by way of explanation to the reader. Which seems unlikely, since they're charging the Bat-gang with something, and the gangsters are certainly going to point her out as the boss. But OK.
Cat-Woman's next scam is to train gangsters as servants, and have "Marguerite Tone" recommend them to her rich friends. At a dinner, Bruce Wayne recognizes one of the servants as a criminal and tumbles to the scheme. He breaks it up, but Cat-Woman escapes.
Her next scheme, which she conveniently has written down and leaves behind, is the "finder's fee" scam from a recent Wildcat story. Batman and Robin break that up, too, and when a henchman decides to shoot Cat-Woman, the Dark Knight stops him. A grateful Cat-Woman kisses him, and he is in a daze as she escapes. Robin thinks he let her go on purpose.
Where I Read It: The Dark Knight Archives Vol. 3
Takeaways:
Batman and Robin
"The Sheriff of Ghost Town!"
By Bill Finger, Kane, Robinson and Roussos (13 pages)
Batman stops the hoods from killing young Joe, and the town runs him for sheriff (against Frogel). He wins, and Frogel and his gang make a pretense of going legit, waiting for B&R to leave. Meanwhile, the town prospers and money is being sent from nearby Cactus City for lights and roads ... on a stagecoach, of course. Sheriff Batman appoints Deputy Robin to ride shotgun, but his gun has blanks, because, as Frogel later says, Batman "don't believe in usin' shootin' irons — the fool!" He has a point. Why send someone to ride shotgun ... without a shotgun? Robbers with six-guns on horses wearing handkerchiefs over their faces hold up the stagecoach, kill Cactus Tom and kidnap Robin. Robin leaves a trail with the blank cartridges.
When the stagecoach arrives, Batman and a posse set out to find the gang. Initially Batman is reluctant to let "graybeards" form a posse, but he is impressed by their fighting spirit, inspired by their frontier ancestors. They follow the cartridges, and capture the gang. The leader, Blackie, confesses they're working for Frogel. Batman returns to town to confront Frogel in the saloon which, of course, looks like a WIld West saloon from a John Ford movie. Batman defeats Frogel and the town erects a statue to Cactus Tom.
Takeaway: I'm not going to point out all the anachronisms in this story, which I find a bit silly. As we've discussed about other Golden Age stories set in the West, they're just excuses to write a Western, using the tropes 1940s kids were familiar with from radio, TV, movies and, of course, other comic books. So "Sheriff of Ghost Town!" gives us Wild West set pieces involving stagecoaches, saloons and six-gun shoot-outs, despite the 50 or 60 years of progress between the WIld West and 1942.
There is one bit of silliness I have to get off my chest, though, and it's not specifically an anachronism. It's the bit with the cartridges.
Can you imagine how many blank cartridges Robin woud need to lay a trail in the West, across distances crossed by horse? It would be a huge amount, which would be an unnecessary burden to carry, and Robin doesn't even have pockets. And, rationally, he wouldn't have very many to play his role as "stagecoach shotgun." The simplest approach would be to carry a rifle that's fake or unloaded. He might carry one or two blanks for show (or, more specifically, sound), but not the metric ton he'd need to leave a trail. Further, to leave said trail successfully, all the cartridges he threw would have to stay exactly where he threw them and not, say, roll off into the brush to lie unseen. It's preposterous every way you look at it. Finger just re-used his own "hostage leaves a trail" idea that he used in the last issue of World's FInest Comics, only less plausibly this time.
Fun Fact: When typing "stagecoach shotgun" above, I initially typoed "stagecoach shogun." And now I want to see that movie.
Where I Read It: The Dark Knight Archives Vol. 3
Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the last shōgun, retired in 1868, and lived until 1913, so it's not entirely impossible.
When did Batman start using jazz slang? Is he trying to be ... cool?
I don't know when he started, but he was still a hep-cat in 1967 (Blackhawk #228) when he said (to President Lyndon Johnson, no less), "It's a fact, sir. The Blackhawks are washed-up has-beens, out of date antiques, a danger to national security! To put it bluntly... they just don't swing!"
Maybe he was already doing the Batusi in 1942, and we just didn't know!
FEBRUARY 10, 1942
Cover by E.E. Hibbard. That’s a bunch of 1942 movie stars in the background. How many can you name? My wife and I got seven. (Clockwise from bottom left: Marlene Dietrich, Gary Cooper, Judy Garland, Mickey Rooney, Charles Boyer, Clark Gable, Orson Welles, Betty Grable, Ginger Rogers, Tyrone Power.)
The Flash
By Gardner Fox and E.E. Hibbard (13 pages)
Takeways:
Where I Read It: Online.
Johnny Thunder
By John Wentworth and Stan Aschmeier (8 pages)
Best Line: "My girlish mind can take this no longer," Daisy says. "I'm fainting!" It's funny because it makes fun of making fun of women.
Takeaways:
Fun Fact: GCD says this is the last Golden Age appearance of Daisy Darling. That's not really true, as DCU Guide says she appears in three more Johnny Thunder stories before Black Canary takes over the strip (Flash Comics #39, 42 and 65). But it is, more or less, the end of her tenure as a supporting character. I tend to think of Golden Age titles and strips as rather static — the stable creative teams lead me in that direction — but I’m learning there was a lot more evolution than I had previously considered. Here, for example, we’re losing the girlfriend angle in "Johnny Thunder," apparently to focus on Peachy Pet. It’s not an improvement to my eyes, but like with Percival Popp in "Spectre" and the Three Nitwits in "Flash," it must have seemed like one to the writers and readers of the day.
Where I Read It: Online.
Hawkman
By Gardner Fox and Sheldon Moldoff (9 pages)
But the wax wears off on Shiera and Hawkman recognizes her. (Although there's no reason she couldn't have just said, "Hawkman it's me. They dressed me this way. I'm not a witch.") He uses his wings to pull free of the wax, which apparently our brilliant scientist didn't think of. (Dude, it's his only super-power.) Hawkman beats up Mangam, and the crooks return to get Mangam themselves, because his wax wore off while they were robbing the bank and cops recognized them. Hawkman beats them up, too, and the cops arrive, having followed the bank robbers.
Back at Hawk Valley, the fake Shiera has completely vanished. "I thought that would happen," Shiera says. "She wasn't real. But a sort of image that Mangam conjured up with his rays ... and when the rays wore off, she disappeared." Despite Mangam saying that she was like the robot bird, and despite Hawkman physically carrying her to Hawk Valley.
Then Shiera breaks the fourth wall to tell the readers to buy U.S. Savings Stamps, and to "keep 'em flying!"
Where I Read It: Online.
Takeaways
Continuing: The King, The Whip. Last appearance of Les Sparks, Radio Amateur. So no we have even less Sparks than before. (Sorry.)
-
153
-
154
-
155
-
156
-
157
of 159 Next