Welcome to our re-read of the first and greatest superhero team in comics ... and quite a bit more!
My plan is to re-read and discuss the Golden Age Justice Society of America, which ran from All-Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940) to All-Star Comics #57 (February-March 1951), and is currently being reprinted in DC's "DC Finest" line.
But, as ever, I am consumed by context. What events brought us to All-Star Comics #3? What characters did editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox have available from which to choose? What else was competing in the superhero space? To achieve that context, I plan to start the discussion at the publisher's beginning, when Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson launched National Allied Publications Inc. in 1935. That was the first step toward the Justice Society — and to DC Comics as we know it today.
So before we even get to the JSA, I'll re-read and open for discussion all the solo stories starring JSA members, mostly from DC's Archives and Famous First Edition series. Which is actually quite a lot! (Although not as much as I'd prefer. I want it ALL!) I'll be writing about non-JSA superheroes created by National, Detective Comics Inc. and All-American Comics Inc. too, like Crimson Avenger and Doctor Occult. I'll also be tipping my hat to some non-powered characters, principally those who managed to appear outside their parent title, like Slam Bradley and Hop Harrigan. That means no re-read for the likes of "Bart Regan, Spy" and "Speed Saunders." Sorry, fellas, but I had to draw the line somewhere — before I found myself doing a deep dive into the history of Ginger Snap.
But I will be re-reading reprints, or availing myself of online information where reprints don't exist, of 14 of the 17 Golden Age characters who launched or appeared in All-Star Comics #3-57. Those characters include:
- The Atom: All-American Comics #19-46, 48-61, 70-72; All-Star Comics #3-26, 28-35, 37-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Flash Comics #80, 82-85, 87 89-95, 97-100, 102-104; Comic Cavalcade #22-23, 28; Sensation Comics #86.
- Black Canary: All-Star Comics #38-57; Comic Cavalcade #25; Flash Comics #86-88, 90-104.
- Doctor Fate: All-Star Comics #3-12, 14-21; More Fun Comics #55-98.
- Doctor Mid-Nite: All-American Comics #25-102; All-Star Comics #6 (text story), 8-57.
- The Flash: All-Flash #1-32; All-Star Comics #1-7, 10, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Flash Comics #1-104, Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties)
- Green Lantern: All-American Comics #16-102; All-Flash #14; All-Star Comics #2-8, 10, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Green Lantern #1-38.
- Hawkman: All-Star Comics #1-57, Big All-American Comic Book, Flash Comics #1-104, Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties).
- Hourman: Adventure Comics #48-83, All-Star Comics #1-7, New York World's Fair Comics [#2].
- Johnny Thunder: All-Star Comics #2-4, 6-35, 37-39; Big All-American Comic Book; Flash Comics #1-91; New York World's Fair Comics [#2]; World's Best Comics #1; World's Fair Comics #2-3; Flash Comics miniature (Wheaties).
- Mister Terrific: All-Star Comics #24, Big All-American Comic Book, Sensation Comics #1-63.
- Sandman: Adventure Comics #40-102, All-Star Comics #1-21, Boy Commandos #1, Detective Comics #76, New York World's Fair Comics [#1-2], World's Finest Comics #3-7.
- The Spectre: All-Star Comics #1-23, More Fun Comics #52-101, a single panel in More Fun Comics #51.
- Starman: Adventure Comics #61-102, All-Star Comics #8-23.
- Wildcat: All-Star Comics #24, 27; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-2; Sensation Comics #1-90.
The obvious exceptions here are Superman, Wonder Woman and Batman. Superman and Batman, called "honorary members" in the text, appeared twice in All-Star Comics, but I don't plan to re-read all their adventures from 1938 to 1951. They are peripheral at best to the Golden Age JSA, and would overwhelm the discussion through sheer volume. This problem extends to Wonder Woman as well, who appears in four titles in the Golden Age (Sensation Comics, Wonder Woman, Comic Cavalcade, All-Star Comics). I'll re-read and report on her JSA adventures, but like Batman and Superman, I'll just note her solo stories in passing with a summary that I'll grab somewhere online. That will keep the discussion abreast of any major developments, like new supervillains, in Superman, Batman and Wonder Woman stories.
Here are their appearances that are concurrent with All-Star's run:
- Batman: All-Star Comics # 7 (cameo), 36; Batman #1-63 (February-March 1951); Batman 3-D #1; Detective Comics #1-169 (March 1951); New York World’s Fair Comics [#2]; World’s Best Comics #1, World’s Fair Comics #2-50 (February-March 1951).
- Superman: Action Comics #1-154 (March 1951); All-Star Comics #7 (cameo), 36; New York World’s Fair [#1-2]; Superman #1-69 (March-April 1951); Superman 3-D #1; Superman at the Gilbert Hall of Science; Superman Miniature; World’s Best Comics #1; World’s Fair Comics #2-50 (February-March 1951).
- Wonder Woman: All-Star Comics #8, 11-22, 24-57; Big All-American Comic Book; Comic Cavalcade #1-29; Sensation Comics #1-102; Wonder Woman #1-46 (March-April 1951).
Fortunately, Jeff of Earth-J is already doing a re-read of the Golden Age Superman. Jeff isn't doing a re-read of all Batman books, but he is compiling "The Greatest Joker Stories Ever Told," by which he means "all of them." Recently he's begun re-reading other major Bat-villains, which he discusses in Batman vs. Penguin, Riddler — Prince of Puzzles, The Crimes of Two-Face and Catwoman: Nine Lives of a Feline Fatale.
I should note that my methodology changed over time, as realities required. For instance, I initially lumped books together by monthly cover date, but complications ensued for books without them, like quarterlies and one-shots. As the number of quarterlies and their importance increased, I ended up going by on-sale dates as the primary organizational tool. (Which aren't available for all books, but that's a lesser devil than chronologically misplacing Batman or All-Star Comics). Initially I only included mention of others strips in anthology books if they were of some importance, like Slam Bradley, but eventually I started including all of them. Here and there I would try to improve the format. And so forth. In some imaginary "someday" I'll go back through and make them all consistent.
I've tried to be comprehensive, relying on a variety of sources, from online to reprints to "companion" books. A tip of the cowl to a Luke Blanchard post in what amounts to an outline for this discussion. But I'm sure I've left out tons, especially stories I don't have or can't find, which may be at hand in your collection. I hope folks will do re-reads of stories I've left out, as well as comment on what I've written. So let's hear what I've missed Legionnaires — and what you think!
Replies
Wouldn't it have been great if the reason why the Flash didn't stick around in All Star Comics #10 and the JSA's time travel adventure was because he had to rush to All Flash Quarterly to have his time travel adventure!
After all, they were going in opposite directions!
One of the things I'm doing as I go is writing down who goes to what time period in time-travel stories. I can't wait until I stumble on one where two stories, probably written years apart, place to two characters at the same historical event. It's bound to happen!
It's not as hard as it sounds, because The Baron gave me a head start (and the idea) by writing down all the time periods the JSA visited in All-Star Comics in his Golden Age JSA timeline.
We’ve reached comics shipping in March 1941, cover-dated May 1941. Here’s what DC/AA published:
FEBRUARY 28, 1942
Cover by Fred Ray
Superman
“The World's Meanest Man”
By Jerry Siegel, Leo Nowak, John Sikela and Ed Dobrutka (13 pages)
Lois and Clark take some poor kids to the country on the Planet’s dime. Naturally, Superman has to deal with some country problems, like a kid falling out of an apple tree and a maddened bull. (Clark brings milk — presumably raw, unpasteurized milk — for the kids from a nearby farm. In a metal bucket of unknown provenance. That might be the biggest threat of all.) Perry White thinks the outing was such a success, he starts a fund for poor kids to play in the country every summer. He is impressed when Charlie Grayson, recently released from prison, contributes to the fund, even though it was the Daily Planet that exposed his crimes.
However, the funds are stolen and Clark is blamed (he successfully evades the police). A bomb is planted in the summer camp. Superman tracks down the culprit, and I’m not going to surprise anybody when I say it was our only suspect, Charlie Grayson.
Takeaway: Clark is blamed for the robbery, because he had to run away in cowardly fashion before it began — to deal with something as Superman, of course. But the frightened-rabbit act was particularly egregious this time, as Lois was robbed at gunpoint while he was “hiding,” and it even got him accused of robbery, since he couldn’t say where he was. Then he ran away from the police! I wouldn’t blame Lois if she never forgave or forgot this one.
Where I Read It: Superman Archives Vol. 4
Superman
By Siegel and Sikela (12 pages)
To drum up circulation, Clark writes an article attacking astrology as fake. Tom Nelson, a PR rep for famous astrologer Abou Sabout, challenges Kent to provide experts to prove Sabout a phony. But Sabout’s predictions (death, robbery) come true. Superman discovers that Sabout paid gangsters to make his predictions come true. Superman confronts Sabout, but the latter is killed by a masked man. Who turns out to be, of course, Tom Nelson, the real mastermind behind it all.
Takeaway: I thought, by this point in 1942, Superman was established as being able to fly. But in this story, he doesn't. He runs through traffic to get to a robbery. He has to climb a ladder to get to Sabout, who kicks the ladder away, and Superman has to make a “desperate leap” to get to Sabout. Superman chases the masked man on foot, and (checks notes) by Super-tunneling. We're going to see this pattern in the next two stories.
Yet in the previous story, the donations (in a metal box) are thrown out a skyscraper window. The box is clearly going to fatally hit a baby many stories below, down on the street. Superman goes out the window, catches the box in the nick of time, and returns to the window. Maybe he grabbed the box and somehow avoided the child, landed on the ground, and jumped back up to the window. But as depicted, it sure looks like flying.
Does Superman fly in 1942, or not?
Where I Read It: Superman Archives Vol. 4
Superman
“Case of the Runaway Skyscrapers!”
By Siegel, Wayne Boring and John Sikela (13 pages)
A character named Mister Sinister is making skyscrapers disappear, and holding them for ransom. When the Planet won’t knuckle under to his threats, he kidnaps that building, along with Lois, Clark and Perry. They find themselves in the fourth dimension, as Mister Sinister claims to have mastered the dimensions. He tries to send Clark into multiple dimensions at once, but Superman escapes too fast to be seen. He battles Mister Sinister in the dimensions of length, width and thickness. In the end, Mister Sinister accidentally destroys himself with his own weapons.
Takeaways:
Where I Read It: Superman Archives Vol. 4
Superman
“Racket on Delivery!”
By Siegel and Sikela (13 pages)
Lois and Clark stumble on a racket where deliverymen are being shaken down, causing a rise in the price of groceries. Councilman Vernon Hale arrives to congratulate them on their expose, but all three are kidnapped by Slats Morgan, whose gang is committing the shakedowns. Slats puts the three in separate rooms in a shack that his gang then pushes into the river. Superman saves Lois, but can’t find Hale. Superman rounds up the Morgan gang, and when Hale shows up with no excuse, is revealed as the man behind the racket.
Takeaways
Where I Read It: Superman Archives Vol. 4
Related: Jeff of Earth-J's Superman from the Beginning.
MARCH 3, 1942
Cover by Harry Peter
Wonder Woman
By William Marston and Peter (13 pages)
Best Line: “Must get to him in time. These puny men can’t stay under water as long as I can.” — Wonder Woman
Takeaways
Where I Read It: Wonder Woman Archives Vol. 1
Mr. Terrific
By Charles Reizenstein and Hal Sharp (8 pages)
Takeaways:
Where I Read It: JSA All Stars Archives Vol. 1
Wildcat
By Bill Finger and Irwin Hasen (10 pages)
Takeaway: A drunk sees Wildcat on the Catocycle (“Big cats riding motorcycles!”) and swears off the booze. How old is this joke? How often has this joke been used?
Where I Read It: JSA All Stars Archives Vol. 1
Continuing: Black Pirate, Gay Ghost, Little Boy Blue. First "O’Malley of the 4th Precinct" in this title (he gets around).
Caspar Crunch, “well-known reformer,”
His brother was a sea captain, who later went to work for a cereal company.
How old is this joke?
It's probably as old as booze, in one form or another.
One of the things I'm doing as I go is writing down who goes to what time period in time-travel stories. I can't wait until I stumble on one where two stories, probably written years apart, place to two characters at the same historical event. It's bound to happen!
It's not Golden Age, but one of my earliest Deck Log Entries---# 25 "Krypton---a Nice Place to Visit (But There's No Future in Settling Down There)"---brought out such a confluence of time-travelling characters showing up at the same event.
The thrust of the piece covered the various folks who'd travelled back to Krypton, usually not too long before it exploded. I go over a good dozen or so stories in describing this. As it turns out---through no coördination of writers, mind you; it just worked out that way---Superman (Superman # 141), Jimmy Olsen (Jimmy Olsen # 101), Lois Lane (Lois Lane # 59), and Lex Luthor (Superman # 170) were all present to witness Brainiac's shrinking and abduction of Kandor. Somehow, though, they managed not to bump into each other.
Which is fun for us, imagining WHY they didn't bump into each other. "Well, I guess in this scene, while Superman is meeting his parents, Luthor must be in the kitchen making a sammich. I guess Jimmy's taking a nap in the guest bedroom."
MARCH 10, 1942
Cover by Sheldon Moldoff
The Flash
"The Man Who Harnessed the Sun!"
By Gardner Fox and E.E. Hibbard (13 pages)
The source of the trouble is scientist Nicholas Grag, who has invented a "sun-machine" that "stores solar energy and releases it in the form of lightning bolts!" He's gotten a gang together and has a scheme to get rich. First he sends purple lightning at The Flash, which the speedster can't outrun. (He uses copper from a copper mine to re-direct the lightning.) Meanwhile, Grag assumes Flash is dead and blasts the Danvas bank with purple lightning, and his gang arrives to rob it. Flash arrives looking for help for the plane crash, and stops the robbery. Then he stops at an Army Air Corps base and tells the officers there to send seach-and-rescue to the downed plane, and personally runs a doctor to the wreck. However, Grag has already kidnapped them all, without leaving a trace. Flash releases the bank robbers, and follows them to Grag's lab. Grag tries to kill Flash with an "atomic gun," and thinks he's succeeded (again). But instead Flash overwhelms his gang, while Grag accidentally kills himself with his own equipment. Joan, it turns out, was not in a coma, but in a deep sleep due to the lightning.
Takeaways
Where I Read It: Online.
Johnny Thunder
By John Wentworth and Stan Aschmeier (8 pages)
Where I Read It: Online.
Takeaways
Hawkman
"The Case of the Human Plants"
By Gardner Fox and Sheldon Moldoff (9 pages)
Contnuing: Ghost Patrol, The Whip, The King
I keep expecting to find "Keep 'em flyin'!" references in my Superpowers Project "tie-in" reading, but so far no.
MARCH 14, 1942
Cover by Irwin Hasen
Green Lantern
By Bill Finger and Irwin Hasen (13 pages)
Where I Read It: Golden Age Green Lantern Archives Vol. 2
Most resonant line: "America must rid herself of such demi-gods who would help make her people slaves to greed and destruction!" — Green Lantern
Fun Facts:
Dr. Mid-Nite
By Charles Reizenstein and Stan Aschmeier (8 pages)
Where I Read It: Online.
Fun Facts:
Red Tornado
A con man pretending to be Red Tornado in order to marry a rich old maid ("Penelope Picklepuss — society glamor girl of 1910") is taught a lesson by Ma Hunkel, Sisty and Dinkel, who don't even resort to their costumes. Ma tells Penelope to "keep 'em flying" at the end.
The Atom
By Bill O'Connor and Ben Flinton (6 pages)
Where I Read It: Online.
Takeaways:
"The Atom" is usually a slog, but this one was so busy it kept me rolling right with it. It's the 1942 equivalent of Planes, Trains and Automobiles.
The opening caption says Joe Morgan "discovered in Al a newfound strength! To utilize this new-found power and yet remain the meek Calvin sophomore, Al Pratt assumes the role of The Atom!!!" That's not exactly super-strength, but it rhymes. And gets three exclamation points!
Continuing: Red White and Blue, Sargon the Sorcerer, Hop Harrigan
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